Complete Video Link: https://youtu.be/BGu2iGtn5u4 Complete Video Link in Nepali language: https://youtu.be/9aOb32Cz2m4 Evolution of IPv4 Allocation: From Direct Public IPs to CGNAT and the Road to IPv6 The way Internet Service Providers (ISPs) assign IP addresses has transformed dramatically over the years. These changes were driven by the scarcity of IPv4 addresses and the growing demand for affordable, scalable internet access. We can divide this journey into three phases : direct allocation of public IPs, home NAT via routers, and carrier-grade NAT (CGNAT). Each phase affected how static and dynamic IPs worked, and each came with its own advantages and limitations. Phase 1: Direct Public IPv4 Allocation In the early days, ISPs assigned a unique public IPv4 address to each device . Example: If one person had three phones and one laptop, they would receive four separate public IPs . Every device was directly exposed to the internet. Hosting services was simp...
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